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The 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence significantly impacted southeastern Türkiye. A comprehensive field investigation of 40 cone penetration tests and 7 seismic cone penetration tests was conducted to characterize the subsurface conditions of several areas affected by liquefaction in the port city of İskenderun. The investigations were performed at a key seismic station in the area, five areas with differing liquefaction-induced building settlements, and three lateral spread sites. The reclaimed shoreline area, which exhibited the most significant liquefaction effects, is underlain by thick medium dense clean sand deposits. Ground shaking characteristics in the investigated areas are estimated and essential subsurface data for developing high-quality field case histories are developed to support studies of liquefaction triggering and effects in İskenderun. In this context, it contributes to advancing liquefaction engineering and informs seismic hazard mitigation strategies in urban areas. 

This dataset comprises a subsurface characterization of key liquefaction areas in İskenderun, Türkiye, following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. Field testing was conducted from March 18 to March 27, 2024. The dataset includes Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) as well as seismic CPTs (SCPT) and incorporates pore pressure dissipation measurements, shear wave velocities, and standard CPT readings. High-quality subsurface investigations, such as this dataset, are a key component of liquefaction case histories. As such, this data is vital for future analyses of liquefaction-induced building settlements, building-ground interactions, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations resulting from the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. 

This dataset comprises a subsurface characterization of key liquefaction areas in Golbasi, Türkiye, following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. Field testing was conducted from October 30th to November 10th, 2023. The dataset includes Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) as well as borehole sampling and incorporates pore pressure dissipation measurements and standard CPT readings. High-quality subsurface investigations, such as this dataset, are a key component of liquefaction case histories. As such, this data is vital for future analyses of liquefaction-induced building settlements, building-ground interactions, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations resulting from the Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. 

This data was gathered during the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) efforts following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. This dataset is comprised of terrestrial lidar scan point clouds that aim to capture liquefaction-induced building settlement, building-ground interactions, and ground deformations. The objective of the reconnaissance efforts was to capture perishable data on ground failures and liquefaction-induced infrastructure damage due to these earthquakes. Reconnaissance was performed from March 27 to April 1, 2023 in and around İskenderun, Hatay; Gölbaşı, Adıyaman; and Antakya, Hatay. Lidar scans were performed in İskenderun and Gölbaşı at selected liquefaction building sites. The reconnaissance sites were selected as those where there was evidence of liquefaction (e.g., ejecta) and liquefaction-induced building settlements, as well as building-ground interactions, and site access. The processed lidar data are included as .las point cloud files; raw data are included as .fls files. The point cloud data may be viewed and analyzed in point cloud analysis software, including the opensource software CloudCompare. Additional images of the surveyed buildings are included for reference. An explanation of the data types and structure is found in the README.pdf file. These data may be used to investigate earthquake liquefaction-induced building settlements, building-ground interactions, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations. These data will be of use and interest to engineers and researchers working in the area of liquefaction ground failures and building-ground interactions. Additional information and data from this reconnaissance are available in the GEER reports, which are referenced in the "Related Works" section. 

This data was gathered during the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) efforts following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence. This dataset is comprised of terrestrial lidar scan point clouds that aim to capture liquefaction-induced building settlement, building-ground interactions, and ground deformations. The objective of the reconnaissance efforts was to capture perishable data on ground failures and liquefaction-induced infrastructure damage due to these earthquakes. Reconnaissance was performed from March 27 to April 1, 2023 in and around İskenderun, Hatay; Gölbaşı, Adıyaman; and Antakya, Hatay. Lidar scans were performed in İskenderun and Gölbaşı at selected liquefaction building sites. The reconnaissance sites were selected as those where there was evidence of liquefaction (e.g., ejecta) and liquefaction-induced building settlements, as well as building-ground interactions, and site access. The processed lidar data are included as .las point cloud files; raw data are included as .fls files. The point cloud data may be viewed and analyzed in point cloud analysis software, including the opensource software CloudCompare. Additional images of the surveyed buildings are included for reference. An explanation of the data types and structure is found in the README.pdf file. These data may be used to investigate earthquake liquefaction-induced building settlements, building-ground interactions, and liquefaction-induced ground deformations. These data will be of use and interest to engineers and researchers working in the area of liquefaction ground failures and building-ground interactions. Additional information and data from this reconnaissance are available in the GEER reports, which are referenced in the "Related Works" section. 

Performance-based procedures represent an improvement over current state-of-practice procedures that treat the assessment of seismic demand and engineering response parameters independently. Procedures used in current practice generally provide estimates of liquefaction-induced ground settlement that are inconsistent with the desired ground settlement hazard level. A recently developed probabilistic procedure to estimate liquefaction-induced ground settlement is employed to develop a new performance-based procedure that estimates ground settlement which accounts for key sources of uncertainty. The ground-motion intensity and ground settlement estimations are integrated in the proposed procedure to produce hazard curves for liquefaction-induced ground settlement. The hazard curve for ground settlement links different hazard levels with their corresponding values of ground settlement by evaluating a wide range of ground-motion intensities and site characterization parameters with their associated uncertainties. The proposed performance-based procedure also permits the evaluation of different sources of uncertainty and their effects on the ground settlement estimate. 

The 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence produced extensive liquefaction-induced ground deformations along the infilled shoreline of the port city of İskenderun, Türkiye. Observed liquefaction effects included ground settlement, seaward lateral spreading, and failures along a rubble mound seawall lining the coast. These effects, among other factors, likely contributed to ongoing flooding in İskenderun during moderate storm and high tide events following the earthquakes. The Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) team collected detailed observations and measurements of selected sites affected by liquefaction. This paper presents lateral spreading, ground settlement, and flooding observations in İskenderun, which suggest widespread movements of the coastline relative to the current sea level. The Doğan restaurant case history is described in detail, where earthquake ground deformations and subsequent flooding damaged a dining patio, seawall, and nearby park facilities. Insights from these observations suggest a need to better understand multi-hazard liquefaction and flood consequences to enhance the resilience of coastal cities. 

Significant and widespread liquefaction occurred in İskenderun during the 2023 Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Liquefaction effects on buildings were observed in several areas of İskenderun, predominantly in areas of reclaimed land and near historic shorelines. Liquefaction-induced building settlements were particularly concentrated in the Çay District, which is almost entirely reclaimed land. Liquefaction-induced ground and building settlements were either marginal or not apparent in areas away from the historical shorelines. Building settlement and ground deformation were documented at 26 buildings in İskenderun through lidar scans and laser-level hand measurements. Liquefaction-induced building settlements ranged from 0 to 740 mm. Building-ground interactions were evident from hogging ground deformations, including cases where buildings deformed nearby ground and damaged nearby buildings, and sagging buildings. Historic land development affected the spatial extent of observed liquefaction-induced building damage. Representative liquefaction-induced building settlement and building interaction case histories are discussed and key insights are shared.